Cosmetic and Drug Microbiology or Poor Families in Americas Health Care Crisis

Cosmetic and Drug Microbiology, Vol. 31

Author: Donald S Orth

This reference reviews many principles and practices of microbiology in the cosmetic industry to address globalization of products. Supplying chapters from leading authorities around the world, this guide highlights emerging issues in nanotechnology, governmental regulation, and efficacy testing, as well as demonstrates the impact of microbiological testing in clinical studies.

Booknews

This reference covers the impact microbiology has on personal care products. Many of these products owe their existence to their effectiveness in treating a variety of conditions including acne, athlete's foot, body odor, halitosis, and others, all caused by the action of microorganisms. Another consideration is the potential negative effect of bacteria on cosmetic products resulting in spoilage and contamination. The volume discusses microbial growth in products and methods for controlling it; microbial growth in the manufacturing environment; principles of preservation; and injury and survival strategies of microorganisms. Preservative efficacy testing, compliance to good manufacturing practices, a review of government regulations affecting OTC drug products that relieve conditions caused by microorganisms, and the impact of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act are also discussed. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Table of Contents:

1	Introduction	1
2	A history of cosmetic microbiology in the United States	11
3	A history of pharmaceutical preservation in the United Kingdom	23
4	A history of cosmetic and drug microbiology in Japan	43
5	Factors in selecting and testing preservatives in product formulations	57
6	Preservative efficacy testing during formula development and stability testing	109
7	Introduction to the preservation of makeup type products	123
8	Risk factor assessment of anhydrous/atypical cosmetic products	133
9	Global preservative systems	143
10	Safety and toxicological properties of preservatives	153
11	Hurdle technology for cosmetic and drug preservation	163
12	Cosmetic preservation using enzymes	185
13	Plant products as antimicrobial agents	205
14	Microbiological limit testing : microbial specifications for finished products	233
15	Raw material and water microbial bioburden	243
16	Nanotechnology : tools microbiologists can use to refine their research and become nanobiologists	271
17	Microbiology of the skin	295
18	Microbiological testing during clinical trials	315
19	Evolution of cosmetic microbiology beyond agar plating	327
20	New developments and opportunities in cosmetic microbiology	345

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Poor Families in America's Health Care Crisis

Author: Ronald J Angel

Poor Families in America's Health Care Crisis examines the implications of the fragmented and two-tiered health insurance system in the United States for the health care access of low-income families. For a large fraction of Americans their jobs do not provide health insurance or other benefits and although government programs are available for children, adults without private health care coverage have few options. Detailed ethnographic and survey data from selected low-income neighborhoods in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio document the lapses in medical coverage that poor families experience and reveal the extent of untreated medical conditions, delayed treatment, medical indebtedness, and irregular health care that women and children suffer as a result. Extensive poverty, the increasing proportion of minority households, and the growing dependence on insecure service sector work all influence access to health care for families at the economic margin.